Multiple Choice Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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a. | Viper’s bugloss (Echium vulgare) | c. | Gray beardtongue (Penstemon
canescens) | b. | Virginia bluebell (Mertensia virginica) | d. | Lyre-leaved sage (Salvia
lyrata) |
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2.
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a. | Deep ocean trench | c. | A freshwater lake | b. | A coral reef | d. | Near an ocean
vent |
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3.
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Which characteristic of prokaryotic organisms makes them different
from eukaryotes?
a. | Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles. | c. | Prokaryotes are
made of cells.
| b. | Prokaryotes do not have
chromosomes. | d. | Prokaryotes
have DNA. |
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4.
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Which of the following methods would provide the most accurate
information for students collecting data about local attitudes concerning the use
of alternative fuels for automobiles?
a. | Take an opinion poll of drivers | c. | Study newspaper
articles | b. | Listen to speeches given by politicians | d. | Track prices at nearby gas
stations |
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5.
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A bacterium will construct different proteins to metabolize the
sugars lactose or glucose, depending on which one it detects in the outside environment.
What part of the bacterium allows it to recognize different substances in the
outside environment?
a. | Endoplasmic reticulum | c. | Nucleus | b. | Cell membrane | d. | Lysosomes |
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6.
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In order to maintain homeostasis, it is most important for an
animal to be able to —
a. | respond to its environment | c. | change its
habitat | b. | hide from its predators | d. | increase its prey population |
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7.
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8.
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Organisms reproduce following several patterns. Some organisms produce
few offspring and provide parental care. Other organisms produce many offspring but provide
little or no parental care. Which of the following organisms has the greatest risk of losing
a population due to the death of only a few individuals?
a. | Bacteria | c. | Elephants | b. | Flies | d. | Rats |
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9.
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Which skull belongs
to a herbivore?
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10.
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11.
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What is the body’s first line of defense against
disease?
a. | Enzymes | c. | Antibodies | b. | Blood | d. | Skin |
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12.
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Which bird’s foot is best adapted to flying into a region and
picking up prey?
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13.
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Inversions in chromosomes occur when part of a chromosome breaks
out and is reinserted upside down. Which of the diagrams below represents
an inversion?
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14.
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a. | Field sparrow | c. | Summer tanager | b. | Cardinal | d. | Hooded warbler |
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15.
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The processes of meiosis and fertilization help ensure the survival
of the species by providing each generation with the same number of —
a. | body cells | c. | offspring | b. | chromosomes | d. | gametes |
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16.
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Enzymes only work with specific substrates because each substrate
—
a. | has a specific activation site for enzyme attachment | c. | destroys its
specific enzyme
| b. | can only use a
specific ionic bond with the enzyme | d. | actively interferes with other substrates around
it |
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17.
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Which of these is a common adaptation for mammals in an
aquatic environment?
a. | Keen eyesight | c. | Sharp teeth | b. | Streamlined body | d. | Long fur |
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18.
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All of these are common shapes of bacteria EXCEPT —
a. | rod | c. | square | b. | spiral | d. | spherical |
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19.
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a. | Plot 1 on July 1 | c. | Plot 3 on May 15 | b. | Plot 2 on June 15 | d. | Plot 4 on May
30 |
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20.
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Based on the method by which they get food, organisms are classified
as autotrophs or heterotrophs. Which organism listed below is correctly paired with its
metabolism?
a. | Mushroom-autotroph | c. | Grass-heterotroph | b. | Human-heterotroph | d. | Fish-autotroph |
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21.
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In plants, gymnosperms have cones and angiosperms have flowers. Both
of these plant structures are specialized for —
a. | sexual reproduction | c. | water absorption | b. | food production | d. | photosynthesis |
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22.
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a. | Excretion | c. | Photosynthesis | b. | Decomposition | d. | Nitrification |
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23.
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a. | conclusion | c. | control | b. | hypothesis | d. | variable |
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24.
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a. | lost its toes | c. | grown toes | b. | become smaller | d. | remained the same
size |
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25.
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Which of the following best explains why a student researching
genetics should use the most recent textbooks available?
a. | Older textbooks are more difficult to understand. | c. | New discoveries frequently add to
older knowledge in genetics. | b. | Research in Mendelian genetics began very
recently. | d. | No technologies
from more than ten years ago are still in use. |
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26.
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a. | Shrubs | c. | Ground | b. | Tree trunks | d. | Fresh water |
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27.
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Which of the following came first in the scientific study of living
things?
a. | Light microscope | c. | Electron microscope | b. | Cell theory | d. | Model of DNA |
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28.
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The unique properties of water enable life to exist on Earth. Which of
these is a property of pure water?
a. | Its solid form is more dense than its liquid. | c. | It is slightly more acidic than
air.
| b. | It has a low heat absorption
capacity. | d. | It dissolves many
substances. |
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29.
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a. | lynx and hares to become equal | c. | hares to
increase | b. | lynx to increase | d. | hares and lynx to decrease |
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30.
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The process of DNA replication is necessary before a cell —
a. | makes a protein | c. | divides into two cells | b. | codes for RNA
molecules | d. | modifies lysosome
enzymes |
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31.
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Cowbirds often lay eggs in the nests of other songbirds. The young
cowbirds grow up hearing the songs of their foster parents but sing cowbird songs when they
are adults. This is an example of —
a. | imprinting | c. | mimicry | b. | instinct | d. | camouflage |
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32.
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According to the biological definition of a species, which organisms
listed below would belong to the same species?
a. | Plants that have flowers with the same structures that attract the
same pollinators | c. | Animals that can breed and produce fertile offspring | b. | Protists that are
the same shape and have the same structures for movement | d. | Mushrooms that are the same color and can
grow on trees |
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33.
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Orchids were studied to determine if the amount of humidity affected
the flowering of these plants. Which of these was the independent variable in this
study?
a. | The percentage of humidity | c. | The length of time required
for flowering | b. | The amount watered | d. | The number of flowers on each plant |
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34.
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a. | The mitochondrion uses the sun’s energy directly. | c. | The main source of
energy for photosynthesis is carbohydrates. | b. | The end products of photosynthesis do not
provide energy for cellular respiration. | d. | Carbohydrates are converted into ATP by the
mitochondrion. |
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35.
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An organism that causes infections in plants and animals, but cannot be
seen with a light microscope similar to that used in a high school biology course,
is most likely a —
a. | virus | c. | fungus | b. | bacterium | d. | protozoan |
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36.
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a. | The white parent carried a dominant allele. | c. | All the white rabbits are
heterozygous.
| b. | All the F1
rabbits carried a recessive allele.
| d. | All the black rabbits in the F2 generation are
homozygous.
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37.
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Which of the following scientific achievements best represents
a collaborative effort among scientists?
a. | Anton van Leeuwenhoek invented the microscope in the 1600s, which was later
used by others to study cells. | c. | Gregor Mendel’s study of pea plants enabled Thomas Morgan
to become the first to locate a gene on a chromosome in Drosophila. | b. | Robert Koch studied
infectious diseases, and Louis Pasteur demonstrated that life only comes from
life. | d. | Francis Crick and
James Watson worked together to design the double-helix model of
DNA. |
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38.
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Richard was observing black swallowtail butterflies in the field. Which
one of these is an observation he made about a black swallowtail butterfly?
a. | The black swallowtail is closely related to the spicebush
swallowtail. | c. | The black swallowtail likes to fly more than anything else. | b. | The black
swallowtail belongs to the class Insecta. | d. | The black swallowtail laid its eggs on
a parsley plant. |
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39.
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A genetic pedigree showing that only males are affected by a
certain disorder is evidence of what type of inheritance?
a. | Dominant | c. | Recessive | b. | Sex-linked | d. | Passive |
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40.
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Increased surface area increases the number of molecules that can
be collected from the air. According to this information, which beetle antenna is best
adapted for chemically sensing the air?
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41.
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Which of these could be successfully treated with antibiotics?
a. | Common cold | c. | HIV | b. | Influenza | d. | Strep throat |
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42.
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One way to increase the number of organisms in an endangered species
is to let the few remaining individuals of that species breed. However, this breeding may
also lead to species extinction because inbreeding over a short period of time may
—
a. | reduce genetic diversity | c. | produce a different
species | b. | increase beneficial mutations | d. | increase
fertility |
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43.
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Proteins are formed from monomers (subunits) called —
a. | amino acids | c. | nucleic acids | b. | fatty acids | d. | nucleotides |
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44.
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Early classification systems consisted of two kingdoms; Plantae
and Animalia. What scientific development allowed taxonomists to establish the Monera and
Protista kingdoms?
a. | Discovery of DNA | c. | Invention of the electron microscope | b. | Creation of
electrophoresis | d. | Development
of Koch’s postulates |
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45.
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a. | Cilia | c. | Pseudopodia | b. | Nucleus | d. | Flagellum |
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46.
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Some sphinx moth caterpillars are called tomato hornworms. These
large caterpillars do a tremendous amount of damage to tomato plants. Which method of moth
control would be most dangerous to the honeybee, which is needed for plant
pollination?
a. | Using moth scents to attract moths to traps | c. | Spraying plants with
insecticides | b. | Releasing caterpillar parasites | d. | Planting moth-repelling
plants |
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47.
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a. | The shape of its body | c. | The length of its tail | b. | The position of its
nose | d. | The size of its
claws |
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48.
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The skulls below belong to different animals. Which skull belongs to
the animal that is probably unrelated to the other three?
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49.
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One theory of the extinction of dinosaur species is that a
large meteorite impact on Earth caused a major atmospheric change marked by colder
temperatures. If this theory is correct, what adaptation of mammals probably allowed
them to survive even though dinosaurs became extinct?
a. | Superior low-light vision | c. | Ability to bear live
young | b. | Consumption of an omnivorous diet | d. | Endothermic body
metabolism |
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50.
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a. | The amount of water | c. | The number of daylight hours | b. | The
temperature | d. | The relative
humidity |
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